Table 4 Consensus of Upper / Lower Range for Chamber Structure and Function in Athletes over 18 years of Age

Left ventricle, left atrium and aortic root

LVEDd (mm) [81,82,83]

63

62

56

56

LVEDd index (mm/m²) [81]

33

–

34

IVSd (mm) [81,82,83]

12

15

11

12

PWd (mm) [81,82,83]

12

15

11

12

LVM (g) [32, 81,82,83]

271

442

171

271

LVMi (g/m²) [33, 34]

143

153

117

116

RWT [34]

0.44

0.51

0.43

0.48

LVEDVi (ml/m²) [81]

103

–

91

–

EF (%) [81]

47

–

47

–

GLS (%) [51, 84, 85]

− 16

–

− 16

–

Septal E’ (cm/s) [54]

7.7

–

7.7

–

Lateral E’ (cm/s) [54]

10.6

–

10.6

–

LAVi (ml/m²) [78]

40

–

34

–

Aortic Root (SoV) (mm) [56, 57, 86]

39

–

33

–

Aortic Root index (SoV) (mm/m) [56, 58]

20

–

19

–

Right ventricle and right atrium

RVD1 (mm) [36, 37, 40]

54

55

50

46

RVD1 index (mm/m²) [36, 37, 40]

28

27

28

27

RVD2 (mm) [36, 37, 40]

46

48

43

42

RVD2 index (mm/m²) [36, 37, 40]

24

25

25

25

RVD area (mm) [36, 37, 40]

40

38

33

29

RVD area index (cm²/m²) [36, 37, 40]

20

19

18

17

RA area (cm²) [36, 37, 40]

29

27

25

21

RVOTplax (mm) [40]

40

39

38

34

RVOTplax index (mm/m²) [40]

20

19

22

20

RVOT1 (mm) [40]

43

43

41

37

RVOT1 index (mm/m²) [40]

23

21

23

22

RVOT2 (mm) [40]

34

31

29

28

RVOT2 (mm/m²) [40]

18

15

16

16

RVOT1/RVD1 [79]

1

–

1

–

RV:LV [79]

1

–

1

–

TAPSE (mm) [37]

17

–

17

–

RVFAC (%) [36, 37]

32

–

32

–

RV S’ (cm/s) [37]

10

–

10

–